Heating apparatus



(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

0. A. sAWIN. HEATING APPARATUS.

No. 465,210. Patented Dec. 15,1891.

FH- Z (-No Modl.) 5 Sheets Sheet 2.

G. A. SAWIN. HEATING APPARATUS. No. 465,210. Patented Dec." 15, 1891.

.T mw

THE NORRIS PEYERS C0, FNOTfl-LIYND., WASHINGTON, D. C,

5:SheetsSheet 3. 0. .A. SAWIN. HEATING APPARATUS.

Patented Deo. 15,1891. 7

we NORRIS warns cc, F

(No Model.)-

(No Model.) 5 sneetssh eet- 4.

O. A. SAWIN. HEATING APPARATUS.

No. 465,210; Patented Dec. 15, 18 91.

\M-r E5555: A Ink/ENTER HEM (No Model.) 5 sheets sheet 5.

G. A. S'AWIN. HEATING APPARATUS.

' UNITED ST TES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES A. SAWIN, OF \VALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 465,210, dated December 15, 1891. Application filed July 14, 1890. $erial No. 358,716. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES A. SAWIN, of Waltham, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specifica- This invention relates, chiefly, to apparatus for heating by the circulation of steam or hot water; and it consists in the several improve ments hereinafter described and claimed.

- Of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 represents a side elevation, partly in section, showing my improved heating apparatus. Fig. 2 represents a vertical section on line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents a section on line 3 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4. represents a section on the same plane as that on which Fig. 3 is taken, but showing a difierent form. Fig. 5 represents a top view of the apparatus. Fig. 6 represents a top view of the grate and its operating devices removed. Fig. 7 represents a diagram showing a heating system embodying my invention. Fig. 8 represents a perspective view of the apparatus with the casing removed, showing the arrangement of the circulating-pipes and their connection with the same. Fig. 9 represents a side view of a portion of the same, looking from the left; and Fig. 10 represents a view of a portion of the rear on opposite side of Fig. 8.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures. I

In the drawings, or, represents a hollow cylindrical wall or water-leg, which surrounds the fire-box b, and is composed of outer and inner annular walls separated by an annular water-space. Water is introduced into the lower portion of the Water-leg a through the pipe or pipes c, and is heated as it rises in said water-leg. The upper portion of the water-leg is connected by a series of pipes 01 d d with the upper portion of a hot-water and steam receptacle or dome e, which is partially inclosed by the water-leg, the upper portion of said dome projecting above the water-leg and receiving the upper ends of the pipes d. The water-leg is provided with semi-partitions f, which alternate, as shown in Fig. 2, and cause the water passingupwardly through the Water-leg to flow in a sinuous or zigzag course, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2, so that the water has a more extended or prolonged contact with the heated inner surface of the water-leg thanit would have if its up ward course were direct. I

The dome e is of smaller diameter than the interior of the water-leg, and is separated from the latter by an annular space or flue 9, through which the products of combustion pass upwardly from the fire-box into the space outside of the water-leg and dome inclosed by the casing or setting '5, said casing having a flue h, Fig. 5, communicating with a chimney. The top of the casing is preferably a metal plate or cap 2'', which fits closely all around the dome, as shown in Fig. 1, and has orifices for the connecting-pipes d and supply-pipe o.

It will be seen that the elevation of the upper portion of the dome above the water-leg and the connection of the water-leg to the dome by the pipes d, which rise to a considerable height above the water-leg reduces the liability of water being forced by the steam- 10 with the dome.

The conduit m, by reason of its extensive heating-surface and being located in close proximity to the fire when the apparatus is being used as a steam-heater, is liable to become overheated, owing to an insufficient supply of water of condensation through return-pipe o, and it is necessary to provide against such a contingency by supplying water from another source. To this end I connect with the lower central portion ofthe dome e, by means of short branch pipe '0 two pipes 0' 0 (see Figs. 1, 8, and 9,) said pipes extending outwardly through the water-leg,

the pipe 0 being connected with a coupling 0 to-Which is connected the pipe at, leading to the conduit. Pipe 0, through pipe 0" and coupling 0 also connects with the-conduit and through pipe 0 with the Water-leg.

By the means above described it will be seen that the water which is taken from the dome to the conduit, being at a high temperature, has a tendency to maintain a high temperature of the water in the lower portion of the water-leg and also to neutralize the effect of the cool water as it enters the apparatus through the return-pipe 0. Pipe 0" can be rendered inoperative, if necessary, by closing valve S, Fig. 8, and connection between pipe 0' and the water-leg be maintained through pipe 0 The described operation thus far relates to the apparatus when used as asteam-heater. By closing valves S and S, Fig. 8, it may be used for water, the heated water ascending through pipes d to the dome and through pipe k, (in the same manner as with the two-pipe system of steam heretofore described,) the descending columnof water entering at 0. By closing valves S S the circulation will operate as a one-pipe system in steam-heating, the steam passing to the radiator through pipe k j and the condensed water returning through the same pipe to the'heater, commu nication with the water-leg beingmaintained through pipe 0 from the under side of the dome 6. (See Figs. 8 and 9.)

The conduit is here shown as having a form resembling that of an inverted cone, and is composed of an inner wall 5 and an outer wall 6, said walls being separated by an annular space for the passage of the water through the conduit. I prefer to subdivide said space by vertical partitions 7, extending entirely across it and by semi-partitions or projections 8, extending partly across the space, as shown in Fig. 3. The chief object of said partitions is to afford a large extent of heat-conducting surface to the water passing through the conduit, and thereby facilitate the heating of such water. Said heating-surface may be additionally increased by projections or spurs 9, formed on the partitions, as shown in Fig. 3, said projections being heated by conduction from the exposed surfaces of the conduit and aiding toheat the water in the conduit.

The preferred form of conduit is that shown in Figs. 2 and 4:. The corrugations 10, being vertical, allow the products of combustion to pass the outer surface of the conduit without interference with or obstruction to the draft, while the inverted-cone shape of the conduit causes the passage for the products of combustion to be sufliciently contracted to prevent a too free escape thereof.

In Fig. 4 I show the conduit as made with a ribbed or corrugated outer wall, the construction being in other respects the same as in Fig. 3. The-ribs o1- corrugations 10 of the outer wall afford an increased area of surface exposed to the fire, and therefore facilitate the heating of the Water. The conduit is in direct contact with the burning fuel at the center of the fire-box, and the water passing through it will be rapidly heated, as will be readily seen.

A portion of the water which passes through the supply-pipe 0 may be conducted from said pipe to the conduit m by a branch pipe 1',

Figs. 1, 2, and 5, so that Whether the returnpipe be employed or not aconstant current of water through the conduit is assured, the water supplied by the pipe ina one-pipe system being divided so that a portion passes through the water-leg and a portion through the conduit, thus insuring a quick generation of steam.

The grate t at the bottom of the fire-box is circular and is provided at its center with a downwardly-projecting stud t, which is fitted to rotate in a socket u on an arm 1), which is attached to a rock-shaft w, fitted to turn in bearings affix'ed to the casing. A lever on, affixed to said rock-shaft, enables the latter to be raised and lowered, so that the grate may be dropped, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2, or raised, as indicated by full lines. The grate may be rotated or shaken by means of a handle or lever inserted in one of a series of holes y in a flange 2, formed on the under side of the grate near its margin.

I do not limit myself to the employment of the dome or receptacle ein all cases, as it may be feasible to connect the conduit m directly with the flow or conducting pipe 7t, extending to the radiator R.

I claim 1. In a steam or hot-water heating apparatus, the combination, with a direct-flow or conducting pipe is and a return-pipe 0, of a firebox or heater, a water-leg surrounding the firebox, a dome or receptacle 6 over the same and connected with the pipe and having external connections from its upper part to said water-leg, a conduit or water-receptacle located in the central portion of the fire-box and exposed externally to the fire therein, the

lower portion of said conduit being connected directly with the return-pipe 0, whereby water from the return-pipe is caused to enter the lower portion of the conduit, and direct connections between the upper portion of the conduit and the dome e, whereby water heated in the conduit is permitted to rise to said dome, as set forth.

2. The combination of a f urnace or fire-box, a steam dome orreceptacle above the same, a conduit in the fire-box communicating at its lower portion with a return-pipe 0 and at its.

upper portion with the dome, said conduit being arranged so that the burning fuel is in contact with its outer surface, and a connec tion between the dome and the lower portion of the said conduit, whereby water from thedome is supplied to the lower portion of the conduit to supply any deficiency in the supply through the return-pipe, as set forth.

ITO

3. The combination of a furnace or fire-box, a steam dome or receptacle above the same, a water-leg surrounding the fire-box and having external pipe connections from its upper portion to the upper portion of the dome, a conduit in the fire-box, and awater-supply pipe having separate connections with the waterleg and conduit, whereby the water is divided, a portion passing through the water-leg and a portion through the conduit, as set forth.

4. The inverted-cone-shaped conduit composed of the outer Wall having vertical hollow ribs or corrugations 10,- and the inner wall separated from the outer wall by a waterspace, as set forth.

5. The annular water-leg having an inlet pipe or pipes at its lower end and an outlet two subscribing witnesses, this 9th day of July, A.;D. 1890.

CHARLES A. SAWIN. Witnesses:-

A. D. HARRISON, CLARENCE G. BARTLETT. 

